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How can I prevent frozen pipes during winter?

The short answer

Lag every pipe in an unheated space — the loft, the garage, the outside tap — and keep the heating on low rather than off when it's freezing, even if you're away. If a pipe does freeze, turn the water off at the stopcock first, then thaw it gently with a hot water bottle or a warm towel. Never use a naked flame or a blowtorch. This matters more the higher up you live: the hills above Macclesfield get a good deal more frost than the town does.

Also asked: What should I do if my pipes freeze? · Do pipes freeze more in Macclesfield?

Water expands as it freezes, which is what splits the pipe. The cruel part is that you often don't find out at the moment it splits — you find out when it thaws and the water starts coming through the ceiling, which is why a cold snap is usually followed a few days later by a run of flooded lofts.

Altitude is the part that gets underestimated round here, and it's why this page is worth reading even if you've never had a frozen pipe in your life. The Met Office reckons the air cools by about half a degree for every 100 metres you climb, and their long-run station figures bear it out: low-lying Cheshire sees roughly 40 nights of air frost a year, while Buxton — up over the hill, at much the same height as Macclesfield's uplands — sees about 51. That's ten or twelve extra freezing nights a year, every year.

So a pipe in a loft in Langley, Sutton Lane Ends, Rainow, Kerridge or up towards Macclesfield Forest is having a materially colder winter than the same pipe in Weston or Broken Cross, and it deserves better lagging than the town-centre standard. Stone-built cottages on the tops, with cold roof voids and long outside runs, are the ones that burst.

The work is done in advance, and it's cheap. Foam lagging on any pipe running through the loft, the garage or an unheated utility. An outside tap either isolated and drained, or covered. And through a cold spell, the heating left ticking over — a house left at a low temperature costs less to heat than a house with a split pipe in it.

If you're going away in winter, this matters more, not less. There is nobody there to notice.

If a pipe has already frozen — no water from a tap in freezing weather is the usual sign — shut the stopcock before you thaw it. If the pipe has split, thawing it is the moment the water arrives, and you want the mains off before that happens. Thaw slowly, from the tap end back towards the frozen section, with warm towels or a hot water bottle. Never a blowtorch: it can burst the pipe outright, and there is a real fire risk in a loft full of insulation.

  • Lag pipes in the loft, garage and any unheated room
  • On the high ground, lag harder — it freezes there more often
  • Isolate and drain the outside tap before the first frost
  • Keep the heating on low in freezing weather, even when away
  • Open the loft hatch in a cold snap to let warm air up
  • Frozen already? Stopcock off first, then thaw gently
  • Never use a blowtorch or naked flame on a frozen pipe

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